The ‘working poor’ account for nearlyone in ten of the employed in the EU The in-work at-risk-of-poverty (AROP) rate refers to the share of persons in the total population who have declared themselves to be in paid work (either as employed or self employed) with an equivalised household disposable... Find out more

Intra-EU labour mobility stilldriven by east-west movements Structural free movement and residence are a basic freedom of all EU citizens and the expectation is that cross-border labour mobility can contribute to a better functioning of European labour markets. In 2017, 12.4 million EU28 citizens of... Find out more

A growing number of temporary jobs At the EU level, temporary employment declined in the aftermath of the economic crisis of 2008. The number of temporary jobs fell from 26.2 million in 2008Q2 to 24.2 million in 2013Q2. However, this was to a great extent driven by developments in Spain and Greece... Find out more

An increase in part-time employment over the past decade At the EU level, the share of part-time work in total employment has increased over the past decade, from 17.6% in 2008 to 19.3% in 2018. This growth was the most pronounced in the first years following the outbreak of the financial and... Find out more

Are labour market regulations fitfor purpose? Online labour platforms and the gig economy have recently attracted much attention from policymakers, researchers and business, mostly due to the impact they have on the way work is organised in society. Platform work includes a heterogeneous set of... Find out more

Disentangling the short-term effects of the crisis and changing labour demand Structural developments in employment over the past decade have been impacted by the shocks related to the 2008 crisis as well as by certain long-term trends, most notably aging populations and the changing labour demand... Find out more

Polarisation between countries in the shift towards a knowledge economy Job growth in the EU28 was concentrated in high-skilled occupations (Figure 2.9). Since 2013, professionals have on average been the fastest growing occupational group in theEU28, expanding by 5 million jobs, at a growth rate of... Find out more

Young people facing difficulties in labour market integration A successful integration of young people into the labour market currently represents one of the main challenges for EU employment policy. Those who attempted to enter the labour market during the crisis were faced with very high... Find out more

Big regional disparities in employment rates Wide divergences in employment rates persisted acrossthe EU. In 2018, Sweden had the highest employment rate(77.8%), followed by the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany.Greece experienced the worst situation (55.3%), followedby Italy, Croatia and Spain... Find out more

Uneven recovery Employment has continued to grow in the EU (Figure 2.1). In 2018Q2, the employment rate was at an all-time high of 68.6%. This is a considerable improvement compared to the peak of the crisis (64.1% in 2013) and also surpasses the pre-crisis level of 65.9%. For the male population... Find out more