Uniquement disponible en anglais Rising wage inequality is disproportionately driven by widening differences in pay between firms. This can reflect that firms’ workforces are increasingly homogenous but also that the pay of similar workers increasingly differs depending on firm productivity and the... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais The Covid‑19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women, threatening to reverse progress towards gender equality. It has made the need to address long‑standing structural disadvantages affecting women even more evident and pressing, including the fact that women... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais The employment impacts of the transition to a post-carbon economy are gaining increasing attention. The post-carbon transition implies fundamental changes in the economy followed by significant changes in the structure of labour demand. Industries with the highest... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, major financial support has been pledged to Member States. This funding draws on the EU’s multiannual financial framework and the ‘NextGenerationEU’ with, at its core, the temporary ‘Recovery and Resilience Facility’ (RRF). While... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais Weather-related heat exposure has become a sanitary concern given the wide repercussions it has for health. Both physiological and epidemiological research show that the impact of heat on human health goes far beyond acute heat conditions such as potentially fatal... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais More and more nation states are now committing to net-zero carbon by 2050 at the latest, which is encouraging, but none have faced up to the transformation of economies, societies and lives that this will entail. This paper considers two scenarios for sustainable... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais This contribution focuses on a specific phrase that is often found within these labour disciplines, expressly linking labour standards (or their violation) to trade. The meaning of ‘in a manner affecting trade’ has been the subject of much discussion recently... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between patterns of integration in global value chains (GVCs), the ‘quality’ of such integration in terms of technological capabilities and the structure of employment in European countries and sectors. We... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais Country chapters: Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, Sweden The Covid‑19 pandemic severely affected some categories of non-standard workers, and particularly the self‑employed. The emergency measures cushioned the potentially disastrous... Lire plus

Uniquement disponible en anglais The economic shock induced by the pandemic has plunged European economies into a recession. Lockdowns and social distancing measures have affected economic life in a substantial way, with industries and population groups facing varying difficulties. This study... Lire plus